Style Guides
Find the right citation guide for your research paper.
APA Style
APA (American Psychological Association) is the most commonly used style to cite sources in the social sciences. APA follows the author-date method of in-text citation. The author's last name and year of publication for the source should appear in the text (Jones, 2012), and a complete reference should appear in the Reference list at the end of the paper.
- APA Style 7th edition: Dalhousie Quick Guide [PDF]
- APA Style 6th edition: Dalhousie Quick Guide [PDF]
- OWL at Purdue: APA style
- Learn how to make an APA citation [video]
- APA citation of Canadian government documents [Simon Fraser University]
- APA style videos [Memorial University Libraries]
MLA Style
MLA (Modern Languages Association) is the most common citation style for writing in the humanities. MLA follows the author-page method of in-text citation. The author's last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase was taken should appear in the text (Jones 24), and a complete reference should appear on the Works Cited page at the end of the paper.
- MLA handbook, 9th edition [LB 2369 M52 2021 Ref; available in print at Killam Service Point]
- MLA Style 9th edition: Dalhousie Quick Guide [PDF]
- MLA Style 8th edition: Dalhousie Quick Guide [PDF]
- OWL at Purdue: MLA style [Purdue]
- MLA citation of Canadian government documents [Simon Fraser University]
- MLA style videos [Memorial University Libraries]
Chicago Style
The Chicago Manual of Style is used in many disciplines that prefer using footnotes or endnotes to cite sources.
- Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition Quick Guide
- OWL at Purdue: Chicago style
- The complete Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition
- The complete Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition
- Chicago citation of Canadian government documents [Simon Fraser University]
- Chicago style videos [Memorial University Libraries]
Citing in the health professions
- Citing Medicine: NLM Style Guide for authors, editors and publishers
- Instructions to authors in the Health Sciences: A list of journals following the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals
- Vancouver Style: Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals (2008)
- Sample references
- Journals following these uniform requirements
- Help for students in health professions: Kellogg.Library@dal.ca